Crushing machine



Deb, 18,1923.

A. T. PERKINS CRUSHING MACHINE- Filed May 6. 1922 '3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Dec. 18 1923. 1,477 53? A. T. PERKINS CRUSHING MACHINE Filed May 6. 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Dec. as, 1923. 1,4775%? A.T.PERNNS CRUSHING MACHINE 7 Filed May a. 1922' s Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Dec. 18, I923.

UNHTE TTES FATENT OFFHCE.

AUGUSTUS T. PERKINS, OF OAK PARK, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOB. TO WEBSTER MFG. COM- PANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

CRUSHING MACHINE.

Application filed May 6, 1922.

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AUeUsrUs T. Pm- KINS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Oak Park, Cook County, Illinois,

have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Crushing Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to crushing ma chines of that particular type in which a relatively large crushing roll is arranged to rotate opposite a breaker plate which cooperates with the teeth or projections provided on the roll to crush the coal or other materials in the desired manner.

Generally stated, the object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved construction whereby both long and short teeth may be employed upon the said crushing roll, and whereby said long teeth are, in order that they may pass said breaker plate, movably mounted in said crushing roll and so controlled that they automatically recede or withdraw into the roll, as they approach the throat formed at the bottom of the space which serves as a sort of hopper between the roll and the breaker plate, thereby to enable said long teeth to pass the breaker plate which, at its lower end, is desirably arranged close to the short teeth of the roll, thereby to ensure the desired crushing action, as will hereinafter more fully appear.

It is also an object to avoid the use of certain features of construction heretofore considered necessary or desirable in a crushing machine of this particular character.

To these and other useful ends the invention consists in matters hereinafter set forth and claimed and shown in the accompanying drawings in which- Figure 1 is a plan of a crushing machine embodying the principles of the invention.

Figure 2' is a longitudinal section on line 2-2 in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a transverse section on line 3-3 in Figure 2.

Figure 4 is an inside view of one of the segments of the crushing roll.

Figure 5 is a section on line 5-5 in Figure 4:.

As thus illustrated, the invention comprises a body frame 1 of any suitable character provided with bearings 2 and 3 for the shafts 4 and 5 which extend transversely of Serial No. 558,856.

the machine, and which are connected by gears 6 and 7 at one side of said body frame. The shaft f can be driven in any suitable or desired manner, and this will drive the shaft 5 and thereby rotate the large crushing roll 8 which has its outer surface formed by the segments 9, as shown more clearly in Figures 4 and 5, these segments being held in place on the roll by bolts 10 or any other suitable means. The segments 9 have short teeth 11 which are spaced apart and arranged in the desired manner, to co-operate with the breaker plate 12 in crushing the coal or other materials in the desired manner, so as to produce a product of the tie sired size. Said breaker plate 12 is pivoted at its upper end on a transverse axis member 13, and is provided at its lower end with a transverse member 14: which is connected at its opposite ends with the tension rods 15, in the manner shown. These rods 15 re ciprocate in guides 16 and are provided with coil springs 17 interposed between said guides and the nuts 18 on the outer ends of said rods, whereby said springs are adapted to yield and permit the breaker plate 12 to move away from the crushing roll when hard lumps are encountered in the crushing of coal or other materials in the hopper like space provided between the roll and the breaker plate. Said breaker plate may be provided with removable sections or face plates 19 to take the wear, and these sections are easily removed when broken or worn and can be replaced by new ones when such is necessary or desirable.

In addition to the short teeth 11, the rotary crushing roll is desirably provided with relatively long teeth 20 in order to more effectively force or feed the materials downward in the hopper like space formed between the roll and the breaker plate. These teeth 20, however, it will be seen, extend in working position such a distance outward from the roll that they would strike the breaker plate 12 unless some provision is made to the contrary. Therefore, in order that the long teeth 20 may pass the breaker plate, without striking the latter at its lower end, where the discharge throat is formed at the lower end of the hopper like space, said teeth have their inner ends secured to the transverse headers or members 21, the end portions of which are free to slide inthe the teeth pro'ject at fixed angles from the I roll, and merely move out 'andin and do not change the direction in which they project from the surface of the roll. The guides 25 for the teeth are radial to said axis of the roll, and the teeth are thus held firmly to crushthe materials, for each. tooth 20 has only endwise movement relatively to the roll. The cylindric eccentric cams 23 are rigid; with the body frame of the machine, and the eccentric straps 24, one for each row of teeth 20, are mountedto revolve on said eccentric cams 23,,at each side of the machine, whereby each member 21 has its cylindrical ends provided with eccentric straps which turn on said cams and which serve automatically to push the teeth 20 outward intogworking position and to automatically Withdrawthem beforethey strike the lower endofthe breaker plate. In other words, thereare threeeccentric straps 24 on the 1 cam 23 at one side of the machine, and three similar eccentric straps 24 onthe other eccentric cam 23atthe other sideof the machine, each strap being pivoted on the end of a bar 21,-as shown, whereby said teeth 20 are automatically presented, and retracted in the manner explained. Said teeth 20 preferably slide in guides 25 provided in the segments, 9 of the crushing roll, and the construction and formation are such that said teeth 20 strike, the large lumps and force. them downward between the roll and the breaker plate, withoutdanger of break age orstraining of the different parts, during the operation of the machine to crush the, coal orother materials. As shown, said teeth 20 are straight and eylindric in form, butit 'will be understood that they may be of any suitable. or desired form, as the invention is not limited to the exact construction shown and described.

vNow with the foregoing construction the breaker plate 12 can be positioned the de sired distance from the short teeth 11, in order toensure a product of the desired size, without any necessity of forming grooves in the breaker plate for the teeth 20, or ofresortingto other similar expedients, inasmuch as the breaker plate and said teeth 20.have.relative movement or ,motion away from each other, as the teeth approach and pass said throat between the .plate and the roll, sufficient to prevent contact between said breaker plate and the long teeth, and such relative movement, in the form of machine shown and deseribed,.is produced by automatically retracting the teeth within the rotarycrushing roll, inthe manner explained With the construction shown and described, and with the eccentrics set at the angle shown inthe drawings, it will be seen that the teeth 20 disappear within thefroll in time to pass the lower end of the breaker plate, and then re-appear at the upper side of the roll in time to serve th'ei'r function of forcing the materials downward in the hopper formed between the roll and the breaker plate. Therefore, and not with standing the use of both the short and long teeth on the rotary crushing roll, the breaker plate co-operating therewith has a plain surface without grooves or spaces therein for the long teeth to pass through, which is presented in position to ensure the desired crushing action and the desired size of product. With theconstruction shown and described, there are three rows of the teeth 20, arranged equidistant around the circumference of the rotary crushing roll, and said teeth are tangental, but it will be understood that these teeth may be arranged in any desired or suitable manner and may be as numerous as is necessary to produce the desired result. v A V It will be seen, therefore, that the teeth 20 are automatically presented and retracted, inasmuch as they are positively pushed outward and just as positively pulled backward or inward, at the proper time, thus preventing the teeth from engaging the swinging and 'yieldingly presented breaker plate which cooperates with the rotaryv crusher roll to form a hopper for the materials to be crushed. In other words, the teeth 20 are not pushed inward by engagement withthe breaker plate, for it is not desired that the teeth engage this plate, and for these reasons the teeth are automatically controlled in the manner shown and described. A powerful crushing action is ensured, by this arrangement, the short teeth 11 co-operating with the movable teeth 20 to produce the desired result, and by using the automatically controlled teeth, the invention obviates the necessity of using slots or projections on the breaker plate, as the latter can extend up close to'the short teeth 11 without requiring any slots or spaces on the breaker plate for the long teeth 20 to passthrough during the rotation of the roll. I 7,

What I claim as my invention'is 1. In a crushing machine, the combination of a rotary crushing roll having teeth each projecting at a fixed angle from the exterior thereof,a breaker plate arranged in operative relation to said roll, the space between the roll and the breaker plate forming a hopper for the materialsto be crushed, meansto rotate said roll, and instrumentalities operated automatically by the rotation of the roll and revolving therewith to in effect merely push the teeth outward and to positively pull the teeth inward, when the roll. is operated, so that the angle of the teeth to the roll is maintained, whereby said crushing roll and said teeth have relative movement to prevent the teeth from striking said plate.

2. A structure as specified in claim 1, said instrumentalities comprising means for automatically withdrawing the teeth within the roll while passing the lower portion of said plate.

3. A structure as specified in claim 1, said instrumentalities comprising a plurality of eccentrics serving automatically to retract said teeth while passing the lower end of said plate and to automatically present said teeth in operative position before they again enter the hopper at the top thereof.

4-. A structure as specified in claim 1, said crushing roll having other teeth which are shorter than said first mentioned teeth, the latter being controlled by said instrumentalities to alternately push them outward. and draw them into the roll.

5. A structure as specified in claim 1, said teeth being arranged in rows, and other teeth disposed between said rows on the roll, said last mentioned teeth being shorter than said first mentioned teeth.

6. A structure as specified in claim 1, said breaker plate presenting a smooth and plain surface to said roll, inasmuch as said relative movement obviates the necessity of forming any clearance in said plate for the teeth.

7. In a crushing machine, the combination of a rotary crushing roll, movable teeth thereon, means including elements revolving with the roll to automatically move said teeth alternately outward and then inward during the rotation of the roll, so that the teeth are always radial to the roll and are alternately presented in operative position and then retracted on the exterior of the roll, and means co-operating with said teeth to produce the desired crushing action.

8. In a crushing machine, the combination of revolving teeth, means to revolve the teeth, means co-operating with said teeth to produce the desired crushing action, and means including revolving elements to automatically control said teeth, whereby each tooth has only endwise movement relatively to the revolving means, to alternately present them in operative position and retract them during the revolving motion thereof.

9. In a crushing machine, the combination of a rotary member, projections on said member, guides in said member for said pro jections, each guide having a fixed angle to said member, means co-operating with said projections to produce the desired result, and eccentric means including revolving elements to automatically push said projections outward into operative position, and

to automatically withdraw them into saidmember, during the rotation of: the latter.

10. In a crusher, the combination of a swinging breaker plate, means to yieldingly iold said plate in operative position, a rotary crushing roll disposed in operative relation to said breaker plate, movable teeth on said crushing roll, eccentric devices for controlling said teeth, means forming a common axis for said eccentric devices, and pivotal connections between said teeth and said eccentric devices, whereby the teeth are automatically presented and retracted by the rotation of the roll.

11. A structure as specified in claim 10, said teeth being arranged in longitudinal rows, with a bar for each row, disposed inside of the roll, and said pivotal connections being formed at the opposite ends of each bar.

12. A structure as specified in claim 10, said eccentric devices comprising stationary cams and eccentric straps thereon, there being a plurality of these straps on each cam, and said pivotal connections being formed between the straps and the teeth.

13. In a crushing machine, the combination of a breaker plate, a crushing roll disposed in operative relation to said plate, so that a crushing hopper is formed between the plate and the roll, movable teeth for said roll, means whereby said teeth have only endwise movement relatively to said roll, means to automatically control the presentation and withdrawal of said teeth, so that they will not strike the breaker plate, and means whereby said roll is composed of sections having openings for said teeth, these sections being removable without removing the teeth.

14. A structure as specified in claim 13, said removable sections having relatively short teeth which are presented to said breaker plate, which co-operate with said movable teeth to produce the desired crushing action in said hopper.

AUGUSTUS T. PERKINS. 

